Metrology Glossary: Offset Voltage

What Is Offset Voltage?

Offset voltage refers to a minor voltage that exists at the output of an amplifier even when there is no input voltage applied. This phenomenon arises due to imperfections within the amplifier circuit, such as disparities in the input transistors and temperature-induced fluctuations. Offset voltage can introduce notable inaccuracies in amplifier circuits, especially in applications requiring high precision. To mitigate the impact of offset voltage, amplifier designers use various strategies, including chopper stabilization and auto-zeroing. These methods can effectively reduce offset voltage to exceedingly low levels, although they may also introduce added complexity and cost to the amplifier circuit.

Why Is Offset Voltage Important?

Calibration Reference: In certain cases, deliberately inducing and utilizing offset voltage can serve as a reference voltage for calibration. Amplifiers, for instance, may feature integrated offset adjustments enabling users to eliminate existing offsets, enhancing overall accuracy.
Biasing Circuits: Offset voltage finds application in establishing a targeted DC bias level for circuits. This proves beneficial in regulating the operational state of transistors or other active components within the circuit.
Analog Circuit Design: Analog circuit designers occasionally use offset voltage creatively to attain specific circuit behaviors. However, this typically demands advanced expertise and control over the design process.

Related Terms

Metrology Glossary: Offset Current

Offset current refers to a small electric current that flows into or out of the input terminals of an electronic meter....

Metrology Glossary: Calibration

Calibration involves the comparison of a measuring instrument with a known accurate standard to identify any discrepancies and make necessary adjustments....